NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387:1377–96..
Gadde KM, Martin CK, Berthoud HR, Heymsfield SB. Obesity: pathophysiology and management. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:69–84.
Google Scholar
Garvey WT, Mechanick JI, Brett EM, Garber AJ, Hurley DL, Jastreboff AM, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity. Endocr Pract. 2016;22:1–203.
Google Scholar
Bray GA, Fruhbeck G, Ryan DH, Wilding JP. Management of obesity. Lancet. 2016;387:1947–56.
Google Scholar
The GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:13–27.
Google Scholar
Wharton S, Lau DCW, Vallis M, Sharma AM, Biertho L, Campbell-Scherer D, et al. Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2020;192:e875–91.
Google Scholar
Arterburn DE, Telem DA, Kushner RF, Courcoulas AP. Benefits and risks of bariatric surgery in adults: a review. JAMA. 2020;324:879–87.
Google Scholar
Ikramuddin S, Korner J, Lee WJ, Connett JE, Inabnet WB, Billington CJ, et al. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs intensive medical management for the control of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: the Diabetes Surgery Study randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309:2240–9.
Google Scholar
Food and Drug Administration. Accessed 11/26/2024, 2024. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-drug-treatment-chronic-weight-management-first-2014.
Food and Drug Administration. Accessed 11/26/2024, 2024. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-medication-chronic-weight-management.
Jobanputra R, Sargeant JA, Almaqhawi A, Ahmad E, Arsenyadis F, Webb DR, et al. The effects of weight-lowering pharmacotherapies on physical activity, function and fitness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2023;24:e13553.
Google Scholar
Lei XG, Ruan JQ, Lai C, Sun Z, Yang X. Efficacy and safety of phentermine/topiramate in adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021;29:985–94.
Google Scholar
Patikorn C, Roubal K, Veettil SK, Chandran V, Pham T, Lee YY. Intermittent fasting and obesity-related health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2139558.
Google Scholar
Rozga M, Handu D. Nutrition interventions for pediatric obesity prevention: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Nutrients. 2023;15:5097.
Google Scholar
Kermansaravi M, Vitiello A, Valizadeh R, Shahmiri SS, Musella M. Comparing the safety and efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in elderly (>60 years) with severe obesity: an umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2023;109:3541–54.
Google Scholar
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.
Google Scholar
Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, et al. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. 2017;358:j4008.
Google Scholar
Lu TT, Lu CC, Li MX, Ke LX, Cai H, Yang KH. Reporting and methodological quality of meta-analyses of acupuncture for patients with migraine: a methodological investigation with evidence map. J Integr Med. 2022;20:213–20.
Google Scholar
Lu CC, Ke LX, Li JY, Zhao HT, Lu TT, Mentis AFA, et al. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and health outcomes: a meta-research review of meta-analyses and an evidence mapping study. Phytomedicine. 2021;91:153699.
Google Scholar
Thorlund K, Walter SD, Johnston BC, Furukawa TA, Guyatt GH. Pooling health-related quality of life outcomes in meta-analysis-a tutorial and review of methods for enhancing interpretability. Res Synth Methods. 2011;2:188–203.
Google Scholar
Nikniaz Z, Nikniaz L, Farhangi MA, Mehralizadeh H, Salekzamani S. Effect of Orlistat on anthropometrics and metabolic indices in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23:142.
Google Scholar
Rohani P, Malekpour Alamdari N, Bagheri SE, Hekmatdoost A, Sohouli MH. The effects of subcutaneous Tirzepatide on obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol. 2023;14:1230206.
Google Scholar
Konwar M, Bose D, Jaiswal SK, Maurya MK, Ravi R. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide 3.0 mg in patients with overweight and obese with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract. 2022;2022:1201977.
Google Scholar
Barboza JJ, Huamán MR, Melgar B, Diaz-Arocutipa C, Valenzuela-Rodriguez G, Hernandez AV. Efficacy of liraglutide in non-diabetic obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Med. 2022;11:2998.
Google Scholar
Gao X, Hua X, Wang X, Xu W, Zhang Y, Shi C, et al. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide on weight loss in obese or overweight patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:935823.
Google Scholar
Tan HC, Dampil OA, Marquez MM. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide for weight loss in obesity without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc. 2022;37:65–72.
Google Scholar
Singh AK, Singh R. Pharmacotherapy in obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of anti-obesity drugs. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020;13:53–64.
Google Scholar
Onakpoya IJ, Lee JJ, Mahtani KR, Aronson JK, Heneghan CJ. Naltrexone-bupropion (Mysimba) in management of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of unpublished clinical study reports. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86:646–67.
Google Scholar
Zhang P, Liu Y, Ren Y, Bai J, Zhang G, Cui Y. The efficacy and safety of liraglutide in the obese, non-diabetic individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci. 2019;19:2591–9.
Google Scholar
Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía LE, Reiner Ž, Kovanen PT, Simental-Mendía M, Bianconi V, et al. Effect of orlistat on plasma lipids and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res. 2017;122:53–65.
Google Scholar
Rucker D, Padwal R, Li SK, Curioni C, Lau DC. Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007;335:1194–9.
Google Scholar
O’Meara S, Riemsma R, Shirran L, Mather L, ter Riet G. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of orlistat used for the management of obesity. Obes Rev. 2004;5:51–68.
Google Scholar
Hutton B, Fergusson D. Changes in body weight and serum lipid profile in obese patients treated with orlistat in addition to a hypocaloric diet: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:1461–8.
Google Scholar
O’Meara S, Riemsma R, Shirran L, Mather L, ter Riet G. A rapid and systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of orlistat in the management of obesity. Health Technol Assess. 2001;5:1–81.
Google Scholar
Ryan DH. Next generation antiobesity medications: setmelanotide, semaglutide, tirzepatide and bimagrumab: what do they mean for clinical practice? J Obesity Metabol Syndrome. 2021;30:196–208.
Google Scholar
Wharton S, Calanna S, Davies M, Dicker D, Goldman B, Lingvay I, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2022;24:94–105.
Google Scholar
Khera R, Murad MH, Chandar AK, Dulai PS, Wang Z, Prokop LJ, et al. Association of pharmacological treatments for obesity with weight loss and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;315:2424–34.
Google Scholar
Shi Q, Wang Y, Hao Q, Vandvik PO, Guyatt G, Li J, et al. Pharmacotherapy for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2024;403:e21–31.
Google Scholar
Davies MJ, Bergenstal R, Bode B, Kushner RF, Lewin A, Skjøth TV, et al. NN8022-1922 Study Group. Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE diabetes randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314:687–99.
Google Scholar
Ge L, Tian JH, Li YN, Pan JX, Li G, Wei D, et al. Association between prospective registration and overall reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews: a meta-epidemiological study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2018;93:45–55.
Google Scholar
Lu TT, Liu B, Lu CC, Du ZX, Yang KH, Ge L, et al. Reporting quality of acupuncture overviews: a methodological investigation based on the PRIOR statement. Complement Ther Med. 2024;82:103034.
Google Scholar
US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for obesity in adults: recommendations and rationale. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69:1973–6.
Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review. JAMA. 2014;311:74–86.
Google Scholar
Camilleri M, Acosta A. Gastrointestinal traits: individualizing therapy for obesity with drugs and devices. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;83:48–56.
Google Scholar
link
