Clegg A, Young J, Ilife S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet. 2013;381:752–62.
Google Scholar
Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M146–156.
Google Scholar
Vermeiren S, Vella-Azzopardi R, Beckwée D, Habbig AK, Scafoglieri A, Jansen B, et al. Frailty and the prediction of negative health outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17:1163.e1–e17.
Google Scholar
Portegijs E, Rantakokko M, Viljanen A, Sipilä S, Rantanen T. Is frailty associated with life-space mobility and perceived autonomy in participation outdoors? A longitudinal study. Age Ageing. 2016;45:550–3.
Google Scholar
Hajek A, Bock JO, Saum KU, Matschinger H, Brenner H, Holleczek B, et al. Frailty and healthcare costs-longitudinal results of a prospective cohort study. Age Ageing. 2018;47:233–41.
Google Scholar
Miettinen M, Tiihonen M, Hartikainen S, Nykänen I. Prevalence and risk factors of frailty among home care clients. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17:266.
Google Scholar
Shirai S, Kwak MJ, Lee J. Measures of frailty in homebound older adults. South Med J. 2022;115:276–9.
Google Scholar
Kelly S, O’Brien I, Smuts K, O’Sullivan M, Warters A. Prevalence of frailty among community dwelling older adults in receipt of low level home support: a cross-sectional analysis of the North Dublin Cohort. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17:1–11.
Google Scholar
Crichton M, Craven D, Mackay H, Marx W, de van der Schueren M, Marshall S. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition: associations with geographical region and sex. Age Ageing. 2019;48:38–48.
Google Scholar
Scholes G. Protein-energy malnutrition in older Australians: a narrative review of the prevalence, causes and consequences of malnutrition, and strategies for prevention. Health Promot J Austr. 2022;33:187–93.
Google Scholar
Mathewson SL, Azevedo PS, Gordon AL, Phillips BE, Greig CA. Overcoming protein-energy malnutrition in older adults in the residential care setting: a narrative review of causes and interventions. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;70:101401.
Google Scholar
Roberts S, Collins P, Rattray M. Identifying and managing malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia in the community: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2021;13:2316.
Google Scholar
Dwyer JT, Gahche JJ, Weiler M, Arensberg MB. Screening community-living older adults for protein energy malnutrition and frailty: update and next steps. J Community Health. 2020;45:640–60.
Google Scholar
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Woo J. Nutritional interventions to prevent and treat frailty. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2019;22:191–5.
Google Scholar
Gabrovec B, Veninšek G, Samaniego LL, Carriazo AM, Antoniadou E, Jelenc M. The role of nutrition in ageing: a narrative review from the perspective of the European joint action on frailty – ADVANTAGE JA. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;56:26–32.
Google Scholar
Pölönen S, Tiihonen M, Hartikainen S, Nykänen I. Individually tailored dietary counseling among old home care clients – effects on nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21:567–72.
Google Scholar
Tiihonen M, Autonen-Honkonen K, Ahonen R, Komulainen K, Suominen L, Hartikainen S. NutOrMed—optimising nutrition, oral health and medication for older home care clients—study protocol. BMC Nutr. 2015;1:13.
Google Scholar
Overcash JA, Beckstead J, Extermann M, Cobb S. The abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment (aCGA): a retrospective analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2005;54:129–36.
Google Scholar
Guigoz Y, Vellas B, Garry PJ. Assessing the nutritional status of the elderly: the Mini Nutritional Assessment as part of the geriatric evaluation. Nutr Rev. 1996;54:S59–65.
Google Scholar
Guigoz Y, Lauque S, Vellas BJ. Identifying the elderly at risk for malnutrition. The mini nutritional assessment. Clin Geriatr Med. 2002;18:737–57.
Google Scholar
Soini H, Routasalo P, Lagström H. Characteristics of the mini-nutritional assessment in elderly home-care patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:64–70.
Google Scholar
Vellas B, Guigoz Y, Garry PJ, Nourhashemi F, Bennahum D, Lauque S, et al. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its use in grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Nutrition. 1999;15:116–22.
Google Scholar
Jyrkkä J, Enlund H, Lavikainen P, Sulkava R, Hartikainen S. Association of polypharmacy with nutritional status, functional ability and cognitive capacity over a three-year period in an elderly population. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011;20:514–22.
Google Scholar
Groll DL, To T, Bombardier C, Wright JG. The development of a comorbidity index with physical function as the outcome. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:595–602.
Google Scholar
Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61–65.
Google Scholar
Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;9:179–186.
Google Scholar
Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P. Mini-mental state: a practical method of grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–98.
Google Scholar
Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft A, Goisser S, Hooper L, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr. 2019;38:10–47.
Google Scholar
Finnish institute for health and welfare. Vitality in later years: food recommendation for older adults. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare THL. 2020. Assessed 15 March 2024.
Kaipainen T, Hartikainen S, Tiihonen M, Nykänen I. Effect of individually tailored nutritional counselling on protein and energy intake among older people receiving home care at risk of or having malnutrition: a non-randomised intervention study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22:391.
Google Scholar
Coelho-Júnior HJ, Rodrigues B, Uchida M, Marzetti E. Low protein intake is associated with frailty in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients. 2018;10:1334.
Google Scholar
Lorenzo-López L, Maseda A, de Labra C, Regueiro-Folgueira L, Rodríguez-Villamil JL, Millán-Calenti JC. Nutritional determinants of frailty in older adults: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17:108.
Google Scholar
Mendonça N, Granic A, Hill TR, Siervo M, Mathers JC, Kingston A, et al. Protein intake and disability trajectories in very old adults: the newcastle 85+ study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67:50–56.
Google Scholar
Park Y, Choi JE, Hwang HS. Protein supplementation improves muscle mass and physical performance in undernourished prefrail and frail elderly subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108:1026–1033.
Google Scholar
Carbone JW, McClung JP, Pasiakos SM. Recent advances in the characterization of skeletal muscle and whole-body protein responses to dietary protein and exercise during negative energy balance. Adv Nutr. 2018;10:70–79.
Google Scholar
Bartali B, Frongillo EA, Bandinelli S, Lauretani F, Semba RD, Fried LP, et al. Low nutrient intake is an essential component of frailty in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:589–93.
Google Scholar
Artaza-Artabe I, Sáez-López P, Sánchez-Hernández N, Fernández-Gutierrez N, Malafarina V. The relationship between nutrition and frailty: effects of protein intake, nutritional supplementation, vitamin D and exercise on muscle metabolism in the elderly. A systematic review. Maturitas. 2016;93:89–99.
Google Scholar
Blondal BS, Geirsdottir OG, Halldorsson TI, Beck AM, Jonsson PV, Ramel A. HOMEFOOD randomised trial – Six-month nutrition therapy improves quality of life, self-rated health, cognitive function, and depression in older adults after hospital discharge. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022;48:74–81.
Google Scholar
Endevelt R, Lemberger J, Bregman J, Kowen G, Berger-Fecht I, Lander H, et al. Intensive dietary Intervention by a dietitian as a case manager among community dwelling older adults: the EDITstudy. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15:624–630.
Google Scholar
link